• Mulch Your Beds

Applying a fresh layer of mulch to your garden beds is like wrapping your plants in a warm blanket for the winter. Mulch helps to regulate soil temperature, retain moisture, and prevent frost heaving, which can displace roots and damage plants. Choose an organic mulch like shredded bark or straw to add nutrients to the soil as it decomposes over the winter.

• Prune Perennials and Shrubs 

Late fall is the ideal time to prune most perennials and shrubs. Trimming back these plants not only tidies up your garden but also encourages healthier growth in the spring. Remove any dead or diseased branches to prevent pests and diseases from overwintering. However, research each species to confirm that fall pruning is what you need to do. Some plants prefer spring pruning.

• Protect Vulnerable Plants 

Wrap vulnerable shrubs and young trees with burlap or tree wrap to shield them from harsh winter winds and heavy snow load. This protective layer helps to prevent bark damage and the breaking of branches. For particularly sensitive perennials, consider using a frost blanket or a thick layer of straw to provide additional insulation.

• Clean Up Garden Debris

Remove fallen leaves, spent flowers, and other garden debris from your landscaping areas. This not only keeps your garden looking neat but also removes potential hiding spots for pests and fungal diseases that thrive on decaying plant material. Compost healthy debris and dispose of any material that shows signs of disease.

• Winterize Water Features

If you have water features such as fountains or ponds, it’s important to prepare them for freezing temperatures. Drain and clean fountains to prevent water from freezing and damaging the structure. For ponds, consider installing a water heater or aerator to keep the surface from freezing completely.